Biomarker Trio Shows Promise for Monitoring CKD

TOPLINE:

The choice of renal replacement therapy, along with factors such as dialysis duration and cause and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), can affect the levels of renalase, dopamine, and norepinephrine in patients with CKD, highlighting the importance of monitoring these levels for predicting disease progression and the risk for cardiovascular events.

METHODOLOGY:

• Researchers aimed to measure levels of renalase, dopamine, and norepinephrine in patients with CKD to determine their potential as markers of disease progression, hypertension development, and cardiovascular events.
• They included 117 patients with CKD, with 32 undergoing haemodialysis, 31 undergoing peritoneal dialysis, 24 being renal transplant recipients, and 3src being conservatively treated for CKD stages 2-5.
• Patients were compared with a control group of 31 healthy volunteers who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of> 9src mL/min/1.73 m² and no chronic diseases.
• Blood samples were collected from all study participants following a resting period of 2src-3src minutes to ensure accurate measurements of dopamine and norepinephrine levels. For patients undergoing haemodialysis or renal transplant, blood samples were collected both before and after the procedure.
• Levels of renalase, dopamine, and norepinephrine were measured using ready-to-use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

TAKEAWAY:

• Levels of renalase, dopamine, and norepinephrine varied by the type of renal replacement therapy, with the highest renalase levels in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, the highest dopamine levels in those treated conservatively, and the highest norepinephrine levels in those treated conservatively and post-procedure in those undergoing renal transplant.
• CKD aetiology significantly affected levels of renalase, dopamine, and norepinephrine (P=.src46, P=.src35, and P=.src23, respectively), with the lowest renalase levels in patients with autosomal dominantly inherited polycystic kidney dis­ease and those with hypertension, the highest dopamine levels in those with CKD due to glomerulonephritis, and the lowest norepinephrine levels in patients with hypertension or diabetic nephropathy.
• Low levels of renalase were observed in patients with CKD stages 1 and 5, with the levels increasing from stage 2, peaking at stage 4, and then decreasing during end-stage renal disease due to reduced glomerular filtration.
• Patients on dialysis for over 5 years reported the highest renalase levels, with an average annual increase of src.37 ng/mL. In patients with CKD due to hypertension, renalase levels varied by dialysis duration, with the lowest levels in patients on dialysis for up to 12 months and the highest in those treated for 3-4 years.

IN PRACTICE:

“Monitoring the concentration of renalase, dopamine, and norepinephrine can offer valuable insights into the progression of chronic kidney disease, the potential for cardiovascular events, and the prognosis and treatment outcomes for patients with CKD,” the authors wrote.

SOURCE:

The study was led by Rafał Heryć, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland. It was published online on April 19, 2src25, in BMC Nephrology.

LIMITATIONS:

No limitations were discussed for this study.

DISCLOSURES:

This study was supported bythe Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. The authors declared no competing interests.

This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.